AI & Fundamentals

Self-Play Fine-Tuning Converts Weak Language Models to Strong Language Models - Quanquan Gu, Associate Professor, UCLA

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Abstract:

Harnessing the power of human-annotated data through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is pivotal for advancing  Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we delve into the prospect of growing a strong LLM out of a weak one without the need for acquiring additional human-annotated data. We propose a new fine-tuning method called Self-Play fIne-tuNing (SPIN), which starts from a supervised fine-tuned model. At the heart of SPIN lies a self-play mechanism, where the LLM refines its capability by playing against instances of itself. More specifically, the LLM generates its own training data from its previous iterations, refining its policy by discerning these self-generated responses from those obtained from human-annotated data. Our method progressively elevates the LLM from a nascent model to a formidable one, unlocking the full potential of human-annotated demonstration data for SFT. Theoretically, we prove that the global optimum to the training objective function of our method is achieved only when the LLM policy aligns with the target data distribution. Empirically, we evaluate our method on several benchmark datasets including the HuggingFace Open LLM Leaderboard, MT-Bench, and datasets from Big-Bench. Our results show that SPIN can significantly improve the LLM's performance across a variety of benchmarks and even outperform models trained through direct preference optimization (DPO) supplemented with extra GPT-4 preference data. This sheds light on the promise of self-play, enabling the achievement of human-level performance in LLMs without the need for expert opponents.

Bio:

Quanquan Gu is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at UCLA. His research is in artificial intelligence and machine learning, with a focus on nonconvex optimization, deep learning, reinforcement learning, large language models, and deep generative models. Recently, he has been utilizing AI to enhance scientific discovery in domains such as biology, medicine, chemistry, and public health. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2014. He is a recipient of the Sloan Research Fellowship, NSF CAREER Award, Simons Berkeley Research Fellowship among other industrial research awards.

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